Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 26, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
Published on: November 11, 2013
Thermal stability of Li2MnO3: from localized defects to the spinel phase
Adrien Boulineau1, Laurence Croguennec, Claude Delmas
1CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB site de l'ENSCBP, 87 avenue du Dr A. Schweitzer, Pessac, F-33608, France.
Abstract:
The thermal stability of Li(2)MnO(3) has been investigated by the means of coupled differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis associated with powder X ray diffraction. Various experiments performed in air and in argon allowed us to propose a mechanism of spinel-type defects formation in intergrowth with Li(2)MnO(3) when treated in air above 900 °C. The fidelity of the DIFFaX simulations performed led to the understanding of the influence of the existence of spinel type defects intergrowth on X ray and electron diffraction patterns. The formation of these defects occurs during cooling and is preceded by the formation of LiMnO(2) defects in heating. With sufficiently long thermal treatments, defects expand such that a spinel type phase can be observed after cooling.
Related Concept Videos
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects
Valence Bond Theory
Properties of Transition Metals
Bonding in Metals
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

