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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Microinjection of DNA into Eyebuds in Xenopus laevis Embryos and Imaging of GFP Expressing Optic Axonal Arbors in Intact, Living Xenopus Tadpoles
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Transmembrane voltage potential controls embryonic eye patterning in Xenopus laevis.

Vaibhav P Pai1, Sherry Aw, Tal Shomrat

  • 1Department of Biology and Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|December 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Membrane voltage (Vmem) acts as a novel biophysical signal in Xenopus eye development. Manipulating Vmem can induce ectopic eyes, revealing its crucial role in embryonic eye formation and potential for regenerative medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Understanding embryonic eye development is key for addressing visual system defects.
  • Molecular mechanisms of organogenesis are complex and require novel signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of transmembrane voltage potential (Vmem) as a novel biophysical signal in Xenopus eye induction.
  • To explore the potential of Vmem manipulation for inducing ectopic eye formation.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of Vmem changes during normal Xenopus embryogenesis.
  • Experimental manipulation of Vmem in embryonic cells.
  • Analysis of eye formation following Vmem alteration, including morphological and histological assessments.
  • Investigation of the underlying Ca(2+) channel-dependent pathway.

Main Results:

  • A specific hyperpolarization in the anterior neural field correlates with normal eye development.
  • Altering Vmem in dorsal lineages leads to malformed eyes.
  • Inducing ectopic eyes in non-eye cells by manipulating Vmem, demonstrating its instructive role.
  • Ectopic eyes were formed outside the typical eye field.
  • A Ca(2+) channel-dependent pathway was identified as crucial for Vmem signal transduction.

Conclusions:

  • Transmembrane voltage (Vmem) is a critical upstream signal in embryonic eye development.
  • Vmem manipulation can induce the formation of functional ectopic eyes.
  • This research offers insights into congenital eye defects and potential regenerative therapies for ocular diseases.