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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Variable DNA methylation is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function.

Weiliang Qiu1, Andrea Baccarelli, Vincent J Carey

  • 1Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|December 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

DNA methylation patterns are linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung function. This study identified 349 CpG sites associated with COPD, suggesting epigenetic involvement in disease pathogenesis.

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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
07:50

Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Published on: September 18, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves local and systemic inflammation.
  • DNA methylation regulates gene transcription and can be influenced by cigarette smoke.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively assess DNA methylation marks in individuals with nonneoplastic lung disease.
  • To identify epigenetic alterations associated with COPD presence and severity.

Main Methods:

  • Array-based methylation screening was performed in two family-based cohorts (n=1,085 and 369).
  • A test-replication approach was utilized to validate findings.

Main Results:

  • 349 CpG sites were significantly associated with COPD in both cohorts.
  • Most associated CpG sites were hypomethylated and located outside CpG islands.
  • Significant associations were found between SERPINA1 hypomethylation and COPD, FEV1/FVC, and FEV1.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation, may contribute to COPD pathogenesis.
  • Identified methylation patterns could serve as biomarkers for COPD.
  • This study highlights potential new pathways involved in COPD development.