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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
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Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography

Published on: February 17, 2022

Rituximab for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Dian He1, Hongyu Zhou, Wenjie Han

  • 1Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, No. 28, Gui Yi Street, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China, 550004.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|December 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rituximab showed a reduced relapse rate at 24 weeks but not 48 weeks in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) patients. Due to attrition bias and limited data, its effectiveness remains inconclusive, though it appears safe short-term.

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

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Imaging CD19+ B Cells in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model using Positron Emission Tomography
09:41

Imaging CD19+ B Cells in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model using Positron Emission Tomography

Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) affects over 80% of individuals with a relapsing-remitting disease course (RR-MS).
  • Approximately 50% of RR-MS patients convert to secondary progressive MS within ten years.
  • B lymphocytes play a role in MS pathophysiology; rituximab targets B cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness and safety of rituximab for RR-MS.
  • To compare rituximab (alone or add-on) versus placebo or other treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of clinical trials databases and literature up to March 2011.
  • Inclusion of randomized, double-blind, controlled trials with follow-up ≥ one year.
  • Independent assessment of trial quality and data extraction by two reviewers.

Main Results:

  • One trial with 104 RR-MS patients evaluated rituximab versus placebo.
  • Rituximab showed a lower relapse rate at 24 weeks, but not at 48 weeks.
  • Significant attrition bias at 48 weeks; mild-to-moderate infusion reactions observed.

Conclusions:

  • Rituximab's beneficial effects for RR-MS remain inconclusive due to small sample size, short follow-up, and attrition bias.
  • Short-term rituximab treatment appears safe for most RR-MS patients.
  • Further large-scale studies are needed to evaluate long-term efficacy and safety, including disability progression and quality of life.