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Related Concept Videos

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
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Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
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Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Tension-Free Weight-Bearing Model of Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head in Rats
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[Steroid use in free time bodybuilders].

Felicitas Michels-Lucht1, Jan Schirmer, Thomas Klauer

  • 1Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Greifswald, Hanse-Klinikum Stralsund GmbH. lucht@uni-greifswald.de

Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie
|December 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

High self-esteem, not low, predicts anabolic steroid abuse in male bodybuilders. Age and body expression also play roles, while training frequency and teasing do not. Further research should explore narcissism.

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

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Published on: September 27, 2024

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Published on: April 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Psychology

Context:

  • Male bodybuilders often face pressure regarding physique.
  • Anabolic steroid use is prevalent in bodybuilding for muscle enhancement.
  • Understanding psychological factors associated with steroid abuse is crucial.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the relationship between anabolic steroid abuse and psychological factors in male bodybuilders.
  • To identify predictors of steroid intake, including self-esteem, body image, and teasing.

Summary:

  • A study of 74 male bodybuilders found that high self-esteem, younger age, and lower body expression predicted steroid intake.
  • Contrary to previous research, high self-esteem was associated with steroid abuse.
  • Training frequency and teasing experiences did not significantly predict steroid use.

Impact:

  • Challenges previous findings linking low self-esteem to steroid abuse.
  • Suggests a need to differentiate the roles of self-esteem and narcissism in steroid abuse.
  • Informs targeted interventions for anabolic steroid abuse prevention in athletes.