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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

Vaccination recommendations for Germany.

Miriam Wiese-Posselt¹, Christine Tertilt, Fred Zepp

¹Robert Koch-Institut, Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Fachgebiet Impfprävention, Berlin.

Deutsches Arzteblatt International

|December 14, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Germany's Standing Vaccination Committee (STIKO) provides free, effective vaccinations against numerous infectious diseases for all citizens. The recommendations cover infants, children, adolescents, and adults, ensuring broad public health protection.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Immunology
Epidemiology

Background:

Vaccination is a key strategy for preventing infectious diseases.
The Robert Koch Institute's Standing Vaccination Committee (STIKO) in Germany develops national vaccination recommendations.
STIKO aims to prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases within the German population.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and present the current vaccination recommendations issued by STIKO.
To outline the vaccination schedule for different age groups in Germany.

Main Methods:

A selective literature review was conducted.
Current STIKO recommendations were analyzed and incorporated.

Main Results:

The STIKO vaccination calendar includes recommendations from eight weeks of age for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, and pneumococci.
From twelve months, vaccinations against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and meningococcus serogroup C are advised.
Booster vaccinations and catch-up immunizations are recommended for older children and adolescents.
Human papillomavirus vaccination is recommended for girls aged 12-17.
Adults require regular tetanus, diphtheria, and one-time pertussis boosters.
Vaccination against pneumococci and influenza is recommended for individuals aged 60 and above.

Conclusions:

STIKO-recommended vaccinations are universally accessible and free for all German citizens.
These vaccinations offer robust protection against a wide range of infectious diseases.