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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Allergic Drug Reactions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

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Published on: May 29, 2020

[Drug induced allergic interstitial nephritis].

Kresimir Galesić¹, Ingrid Prkacin, Miroslav Tisljar

¹Odjel za nefrologiju, Klinika za unutarnje bolesti Medicinskog fakulteta Sveucilista u Zagrebu, KB "Dubrava", Zagreb. kresog@kbd.hr

Lijecnicki Vjesnik

|December 15, 2011

Summary

Allergic interstitial nephritis (AIN), often caused by antibiotics, presents as acute kidney injury. Treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids effectively improved kidney function in patients, reducing serum creatinine levels significantly.

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Pharmacology
Pathology

Context:

Allergic interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a rare renal disorder frequently presenting as acute renal failure.
Drug-induced hypersensitivity, particularly to antibiotics, is the most common cause of AIN.
Kidney biopsy is crucial for diagnosing drug-related AIN when clinically suspected.

Purpose:

To investigate the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes of drug-induced AIN.
To evaluate the efficacy of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with drug-induced AIN.

Summary:

This study analyzed 10 patients with drug-induced AIN, identifying antibiotics as the most frequent causative agents.
Patients predominantly presented with acute renal failure, with a median baseline serum creatinine of 497.5 micromol/L.
Kidney biopsies confirmed AIN in all cases. Nine patients received high-dose glucocorticoids, and three required hemodialysis.
A significant reduction in serum creatinine to a median of 152 micromol/L was observed after three months of glucocorticoid treatment (p=0.018).

Impact:

Demonstrates the effectiveness of standard glucocorticoid treatment for drug-induced AIN.
Highlights the importance of early diagnosis via kidney biopsy and prompt treatment initiation.
Provides evidence for renal function recovery in AIN patients following appropriate management.