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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
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Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Isolation of Viable Adipocytes and Stromal Vascular Fraction from Human Visceral Adipose Tissue Suitable for RNA Analysis and Macrophage Phenotyping
06:22

Isolation of Viable Adipocytes and Stromal Vascular Fraction from Human Visceral Adipose Tissue Suitable for RNA Analysis and Macrophage Phenotyping

Published on: October 27, 2020

[Visceral obesity].

Mirko Korsić1, Kristina Fister, Davor Ivanković

  • 1Zavod za endokrinologiju, Klinika za unutarnje bolesti Medicinskog fakulteta Sveucilista u Zagrebu, KBC Zagreb.

Lijecnicki Vjesnik
|December 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visceral obesity, unlike general obesity, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Measuring waist circumference is key for assessing cardiometabolic risk due to its correlation with visceral fat.

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Isolation of Viable Adipocytes and Stromal Vascular Fraction from Human Visceral Adipose Tissue Suitable for RNA Analysis and Macrophage Phenotyping
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Isolation of Adipogenic and Fibro-Inflammatory Stromal Cell Subpopulations from Murine Intra-Abdominal Adipose Depots

Published on: August 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Cardiovascular Health

Context:

  • General obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI), is a common metric for assessing health risks.
  • Emerging evidence suggests visceral obesity, or intra-abdominal fat, may be a more significant predictor of adverse health outcomes.
  • Cardiometabolic risk assessment traditionally includes factors like blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose levels.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the role of visceral obesity as a predictor of morbidity and mortality.
  • To explain the pathophysiological mechanisms linking visceral fat to metabolic dysfunction.
  • To identify anthropometric measures that best reflect visceral fat accumulation.

Summary:

  • Visceral obesity is increasingly recognized as a superior predictor of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes compared to general obesity (BMI).
  • A direct causal link is suggested between visceral fat accumulation and the onset of these conditions.
  • Visceral fat functions as an endocrine organ, releasing inflammatory cytokines and adipokines that promote insulin resistance.
  • Subcutaneous fat appears to have a protective role by acting as a metabolic sink.
  • Waist circumference is identified as the most reliable anthropometric measurement for estimating visceral fat.

Impact:

  • This understanding can refine cardiometabolic risk assessment strategies.
  • Clinical guidelines may evolve to emphasize visceral fat measurement.
  • Potential for earlier and more targeted interventions for obesity-related diseases.