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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more similar...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
03:23

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Published on: May 10, 2024

Eosinophilic esophagitis.

Stuart Carr1, Wade Watson

  • 1University of Alberta, Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology : Official Journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|December 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a growing esophageal condition diagnosed via clinical and biopsy findings. Optimal management involves specialists and may include diet changes, medications, or esophageal dilation.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an increasingly recognized atopic esophageal disorder.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and esophageal mucosal biopsy histology.
  • EoE management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving specialists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of EoE.
  • To provide an overview of current understanding and management strategies for EoE.
  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and specialist referral for EoE patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on eosinophilic esophagitis.
  • Synthesis of information on EoE epidemiology and pathophysiology.
  • Summary of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options for EoE.

Main Results:

  • EoE prevalence has significantly increased in recent years.
  • Diagnosis requires integration of clinical symptoms and biopsy results.
  • Treatment strategies are diverse, including dietary changes, medications, and endoscopic procedures.

Conclusions:

  • EoE is a complex condition requiring coordinated care from allergists and gastroenterologists.
  • Effective management of EoE involves a combination of approaches tailored to individual patient needs.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate EoE's long-term prognosis and optimize treatment protocols.