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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

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Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...

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Related Experiment Video

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Why Quantification Matters: Characterization of Phenotypes at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction

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Published on: May 12, 2016

Stau1 regulates Dvl2 expression during myoblast differentiation.

Yukio Yamaguchi¹, Takahiro Naiki, Kenji Irie

¹Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

|December 15, 2011

Summary

Staufen1 (Stau1) protein positively regulates Dvl2 gene expression in muscle cells. Stau1 controls myogenesis by modulating Dvl2 mRNA levels during muscle differentiation.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Post-transcriptional regulation by RNA-binding proteins is crucial for biological processes.
Staufen1 (Stau1) negatively regulates myogenesis, but its mRNA targets are unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

Identify Stau1 target mRNAs involved in myogenesis.
Investigate Stau1's role in regulating Dvl2 gene expression and its impact on myogenesis.

Main Methods:

RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays.
mRNA stability assays.
Western blotting and quantitative PCR.
Myogenic differentiation assays in C2C12 myoblasts.

Main Results:

Stau1 binds to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of Dvl2 mRNA, stabilizing it in undifferentiated C2C12 myoblasts.
Stau1 knockdown shortens Dvl2 mRNA half-life.
Stau1 association with Dvl2 mRNA decreases during myogenic differentiation.
Dvl2 mRNA levels decrease during myogenesis, and forced Dvl2 expression inhibits differentiation.

Conclusions:

Staufen1 (Stau1) positively regulates Dishevelled 2 (Dvl2) gene expression in undifferentiated myoblasts.
Dvl2 inhibits myogenesis, and Stau1 coordinates muscle differentiation by regulating Dvl2 mRNA levels.