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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

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Updated: May 26, 2026

Oropharyngeal Administration of Bleomycin in the Murine Model of Pulmonary Fibrosis
06:03

Oropharyngeal Administration of Bleomycin in the Murine Model of Pulmonary Fibrosis

Published on: May 9, 2025

Pulmonary blastomycosis.

J Ryan Bariola1, Keyur S Vyas

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA. bariolajeremyr@uams.edu

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|December 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blastomycosis, a fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis, primarily affects the lungs after inhalation. Diagnosis relies on organism detection, with itraconazole as the main treatment for this significant pulmonary disease.

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Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Blastomycosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis.
  • Inhalation is the primary route of acquisition, leading to pulmonary disease as the most common manifestation.
  • Pulmonary blastomycosis presents a spectrum from asymptomatic infection to severe, life-threatening illness, often mimicking pneumonia or presenting as a lung mass.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary blastomycosis.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and evolving diagnostic tools for Blastomyces infection.
  • To review the established and emerging therapeutic strategies for managing blastomycosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches for Blastomyces dermatitidis.
  • Analysis of current treatment guidelines and drug efficacy for pulmonary blastomycosis.
  • Inclusion of recent diagnostic advancements, such as urinary antigen detection.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary blastomycosis frequently presents as pneumonia (acute or chronic) or a lung mass, with potential for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
  • Extrapulmonary involvement, including skin, bone, genitourinary, and central nervous system, can coexist with pulmonary disease.
  • Diagnosis is primarily achieved through organism culture or visualization, supplemented by urinary Blastomyces antigen testing.

Conclusions:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of blastomycosis is crucial for effective management.
  • Itraconazole remains the first-line treatment for most blastomycosis cases, with amphotericin B reserved for severe infections.
  • While newer azoles have a limited role, ongoing research may expand treatment options for pulmonary blastomycosis.