[Realities and prospects for the use of cell technologies for the treatment of chronic diffuse liver diseases]

Chronic liver disease (CLD) leads to disability annually hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide. Originating as a rule, at a young age (20-40 years), they are always significantly degrade the quality of life of patients, making them socially significant. Moreover, the conventional treatment (hepatoprotectors, antiviral drugs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive medication) not always lead to achieving the desired effect, and therefore is constantly searching for alternative treatments. Cell therapy with embryonic fetal, mononuclear, mesenchymal stromal cells is the most advanced front of modern biotechnology and medicine. Using the SC with the purpose of treatment in chronic liver diseases is the possibility of disturbed regulation of cell-cell interactions in the liver, the impact on the mechanisms of cell death (necrosis - apoptosis) and fibrogenesis, which makes this method the most relevant and promising in hepatology. The article presents an analysis of the results of studies conducted in the field of stem cell technologies by leading domestic and foreign scholars in the treatment of liver diseases. Were studied questions of transdifferentiation, the mechanisms of stem cells in hepatology, as well as the possible risks of this therapy (pro-oncogene action, increased fibrosis). Also was presented our own experience of applying cellular technology in experimental models of acute toxic hepatitis in animals.