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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...

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Updated: May 26, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
10:56

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

Dynamics of colloidal particles in ice.

Melissa Spannuth1, S G J Mochrie, S S L Peppin

  • 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. melissa.spannuth@gmail.com

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|December 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Colloidal particle dynamics in freezing ice show temperature-dependent ballistic motion. This behavior, observed using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS), may stem from ice grain boundary migration during freezing.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Colloid Science

Background:

  • Understanding the behavior of colloidal particles within freezing water is crucial for various applications, including food science and materials engineering.
  • Ice formation dynamics, including dendritic growth and particle exclusion, significantly influence the local environment of suspended particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of colloidal particles confined within polycrystalline ice during the freezing process.
  • To elucidate the relationship between particle motion, ice morphology, and temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) to probe particle dynamics at the nanoscale.
  • Analyzing the intensity autocorrelation function to characterize particle motion and relaxation processes.

Main Results:

  • Observed regions of high particle density due to ice dendritic morphology and particle rejection.
  • Identified ballistic motion of colloidal particles in these dense regions, with velocity increasing with temperature.
  • Correlated ballistic motion with stretched and compressed exponential decays in the autocorrelation function.

Conclusions:

  • The observed particle dynamics suggest a connection to ice grain boundary migration.
  • The findings provide insights into particle-ice interactions during phase transitions.