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Related Concept Videos

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:22

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...
Catenins01:23

Catenins

Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Analysis of Nephron Composition and Function in the Adult Zebrafish Kidney
08:53

Analysis of Nephron Composition and Function in the Adult Zebrafish Kidney

Published on: August 9, 2014

The ciliary transitional zone and nephrocystins.

Dai Shiba1, Takahiko Yokoyama

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity
|December 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cilia dysfunction causes ciliopathies, often presenting as kidney disease. Nephrocystins, key proteins in cilia, are classified into two groups based on their location and function, aiding understanding of these complex genetic disorders.

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07:16

Assessment of Zebrafish Lens Nucleus Localization and Sutural Integrity

Published on: May 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cilia are essential microtubule-based organelles involved in various cellular functions.
  • Loss of cilia or ciliary proteins leads to ciliopathies, a group of genetic disorders.
  • Renal cystic diseases are a common manifestation of ciliopathies, impacting kidney function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure of the ciliary base in different organisms (C. reinhardtii, C. elegans, mammals).
  • To discuss the function of nephrocystins, proteins associated with Nephronophthisis (NPHP).
  • To propose a novel classification for nephrocystins based on localization and function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ciliary structure and function.
  • Analysis of proteomic and localization data for NPHP, Joubert syndrome (JBTS), and Meckel Gruber syndrome (MKS) proteins.
  • Comparative analysis of ciliary base structures across species.

Main Results:

  • Nephrocystins, implicated in NPHP, can be categorized into two groups based on their localization within the cilium.
  • Group I nephrocystins localize to the ciliary transitional zone, similar to JBTS and MKS proteins.
  • Group II nephrocystins localize to the Inv compartment, and their homologs are not found in simpler organisms like C. reinhardtii and C. elegans.

Conclusions:

  • The transitional zone of cilia acts as a diffusion barrier, crucial for protein sorting and ciliary membrane composition.
  • Nephrocystins play distinct roles, with Group I proteins potentially interacting with JBTS/MKS proteins in the transitional zone.
  • A new classification of nephrocystins enhances our understanding of their diverse functions in ciliopathies.