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Related Concept Videos

Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force per...

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Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator
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Published on: May 9, 2014

Radiation leakage study for the Valencia applicators.

D Granero1, J Perez-Calatayud, F Ballester

  • 1Department of Radiation Physics, ERESA, Hospital General Universitario, E-46014 Valencia, Spain. dgranero@eresa.com

Physica Medica : PM : an International Journal Devoted to the Applications of Physics to Medicine and Biology : Official Journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)
|December 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Radiation leakage from Valencia applicators can exceed the prescribed dose by 170% at the back surface. This highlights the need for improved shielding or protective measures, especially for treatments near sensitive areas like the eyes.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Radiotherapy Devices

Background:

  • Valencia applicators are used with the microSelectron-HDR afterloader for treating skin lesions.
  • These applicators offer an alternative to superficial X-ray units, utilizing tungsten-alloy shielding.
  • Variations in tungsten-alloy thickness within the applicators prompted an investigation into radiation leakage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess radiation leakage from Valencia applicators from a radiation protection perspective.
  • To determine if radiation leakage varies depending on the measurement location.
  • To propose solutions for users and the manufacturer regarding applicator radiation leakage.

Main Methods:

  • Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using Geant4 code to study dose rate distribution.
  • Experimental measurements using radiochromic film to assess dose distribution on the applicator's back surface.
  • Comparison of MC simulation results with experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Significant radiation leakage, up to 170% of the prescribed dose, was detected at the back surface of the Valencia applicators.
  • This leakage, though typically not directed at the patient, poses a risk in specific clinical scenarios.
  • Potential for unintended irradiation of sensitive organs, such as the eyes, during treatments like nasal lesions.

Conclusions:

  • Additional shielding or protective measures are recommended to mitigate radiation leakage.
  • A revised design incorporating enhanced shielding at the applicator's back surface is proposed.
  • Clinical awareness and specific precautions are necessary for treatments involving proximity to critical structures.