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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

In Vitro Polymerization of F-actin on Early Endosomes
12:15

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Published on: August 28, 2017

Beclin1: a role in membrane dynamics and beyond.

Ellen Wirawan1, Saskia Lippens, Tom Vanden Berghe

  • 1Unit for Molecular Signalling and Cell Death, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Ghent, Belgium.

Autophagy
|December 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Beclin1 is a multifunctional protein crucial for autophagy and other cellular processes. Its dysregulation is linked to diseases, making it a potential therapeutic target.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Autophagy Research

Background:

  • Beclin1 (Atg6) is a key regulator of autophagy, controlling phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate generation and autophagosome formation.
  • Beclin1 is involved in diverse biological processes beyond autophagy, including stress adaptation, development, immunity, and tumorigenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review Beclin1 as a multifunctional protein, moving beyond its specialized role in autophagy.
  • To discuss regulatory mechanisms controlling Beclin1 activity.
  • To provide an overview of Beclin1-associated pathologies and therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on Beclin1.
  • Analysis of Beclin1's role in various cellular processes.
  • Examination of Beclin1 regulation and disease associations.

Main Results:

  • Beclin1 exhibits significant non-autophagy functions, indicating its multifunctional nature.
  • Beclin1 activity is tightly regulated by epigenetic silencing, microRNA, post-translational modifications, and protein interactions.
  • Beclin1 deficiency or malfunction is associated with multiple diseases, highlighting its therapeutic relevance.

Conclusions:

  • Beclin1 should be viewed as a versatile protein with critical roles in both autophagy and non-autophagy cellular events.
  • Understanding Beclin1's complex regulation is essential for deciphering its involvement in disease.
  • Targeting Beclin1 offers potential therapeutic strategies for various conditions, including cancer.