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Related Concept Videos

Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
The...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

The immunologic revolution: photoimmunology.

Stephen E Ullrich1, Scott N Byrne

  • 1Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. sullrich@mdanderson.org

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
|December 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure causes skin cancer by suppressing the immune system. Research in photoimmunology has revealed novel immune regulation mechanisms, impacting general immunology.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Photoimmunology

Background:

  • Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a primary cause of skin cancer, including melanoma and nonmelanoma types.
  • UV exposure suppresses the immune system, a key factor in skin cancer development.
  • Photoimmunology emerged from efforts to understand UV-induced immune suppression and skin cancer induction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight how studying UV radiation's effects on the immune system has advanced general immunology.
  • To showcase key discoveries in photoimmunology and their broader impact on immunological concepts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of research in photoimmunology and immunodermatology.
  • Analysis of how UV-induced immune suppression studies have reshaped immunological understanding.
  • Examples of specific immune cells and mediators involved in UV immune regulation.

Main Results:

  • UV radiation's role in skin cancer and immune suppression is well-established.
  • Investigations into UV-induced immune suppression have unveiled unconventional roles for cells like Langerhans cells, mast cells, and NKT cells.
  • The function of lipid mediators and alarmins in immune suppression has been elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in photoimmunology have significantly influenced fundamental concepts in immunology.
  • Research at the intersection of dermatology and immunology continues to yield critical insights into immune regulation.
  • Understanding UV radiation's impact on immunity is crucial for both skin cancer prevention and broader immunological knowledge.