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Related Concept Videos

Glomerular Filtration01:15

Glomerular Filtration

The filtration membrane in the renal system is a highly specialized structure essential for filtering blood. It consists of glomerular capillaries and podocytes, forming a selective barrier that permits the passage of water and small solutes while restricting most plasma proteins and blood cells.
Components of the Filtration Membrane
The filtration process involves three key layers: the glomerular endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and the podocyte-formed filtration slits.
Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
Glomerular Filtration: Net Filtration Pressure01:26

Glomerular Filtration: Net Filtration Pressure

Glomerular filtration, a key process in the kidneys, is regulated by three main pressures: Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP), Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP), and Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP).
GBHP, with an average value of 55 mmHg, promotes filtration by pushing water and solutes through the filtration membrane. This is balanced by two opposing forces: CHP, a "back pressure" exerted against the filtration membrane by fluid already in the capsular space and renal tubule,...
Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Generation of Patient-Derived Podocytes from Skin Biopsies
08:52

Generation of Patient-Derived Podocytes from Skin Biopsies

Published on: May 26, 2023

Protecting podocytes: how good do we need to be?

Kevin V Lemley1

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA. klemley@chla.usc.edu

Kidney International
|December 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Podocyte loss drives glomerular diseases and sclerosis. Angiotensin blockade shows promise, but accurately measuring podocyte loss for therapy assessment is difficult.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Glomerular Disease Pathophysiology
  • Podocyte Biology

Background:

  • Glomerular diseases often progress due to podocyte loss, leading to sclerosis.
  • The intrinsic mechanisms driving this progression are being elucidated.
  • Angiotensin blockade has shown unexpected efficacy in slowing disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify disease-independent aspects of podocyte loss.
  • To mechanistically explore the effectiveness of angiotensin blockade.
  • To address the challenge of quantitatively monitoring podocyte loss for therapeutic assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on glomerular disease progression.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying podocyte loss.

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Guided Differentiation of Mature Kidney Podocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions
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Guided Differentiation of Mature Kidney Podocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions

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An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
10:14

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

Published on: November 1, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Generation of Patient-Derived Podocytes from Skin Biopsies
08:52

Generation of Patient-Derived Podocytes from Skin Biopsies

Published on: May 26, 2023

Guided Differentiation of Mature Kidney Podocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions
08:06

Guided Differentiation of Mature Kidney Podocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions

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An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
10:14

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

Published on: November 1, 2018

  • Exploration of angiotensin blockade's role.
  • Discussion of challenges in podocyte quantification.

    • Main Results:

    • Podocyte loss is a critical factor in glomerular sclerosis.
    • Angiotensin blockade demonstrates significant benefits in slowing disease.
    • Quantitative assessment of podocyte loss remains a significant hurdle.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding podocyte loss is key to managing glomerular diseases.
    • Further research is needed to develop reliable methods for podocyte count.
    • Optimizing therapies requires accurate monitoring of podocyte health.