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[Fluorine content in total diets samples of small children in Poland]
Małgorzata Jedra1, Dorota Sawilska-Rautenstrauch, Halina Gawarska
1Zakład Badania Zywności i Przedmiotów Uzytku, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego - Państwowy Zakład Higieny, Warszawa. mjedra@pzh.gov.pl
Insights
This study assessed fluorine in Polish children
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Environmental Health
- Pediatric Nutrition
Background:
- Dietary fluorine intake is crucial for children's health.
- Understanding fluorine levels in young children's diets is essential for public health.
- Regional variations in food and water can impact nutrient intake.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the fluorine content in the diets of children aged 1-4 years in Poland.
- To analyze the relationship between dietary fluorine, drinking water fluoride levels, and food sources.
- To assess the average daily fluorine intake in relation to established nutritional standards.
Main Methods:
- Collection of whole-day meals from 457 children in orphanages across 16 Polish cities over 10 days (spring and autumn).
- Determination of fluorine content using the potentiometric method.
- Analysis of fluorine levels in drinking water and correlation with dietary intake.
Main Results:
- Daily diets contained 0.04–0.42 mg/kg fluorine (mean 0.15 ± 0.07 mg/kg).
- Higher fluorine levels were associated with diets including tea, fish, lettuce, and cauliflower.
- A direct correlation was observed between drinking water fluoride concentration and meal fluorine content.
- Average daily fluorine intake was 0.28 mg (0.05 mg/kg b.w./day), within safe limits.
Conclusions:
- Fluorine intake among surveyed Polish children is within recommended nutritional standards.
- Drinking water fluoride levels significantly influence dietary fluorine exposure in young children.
- Specific food items like tea and fish contribute to higher dietary fluorine levels.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was investigation of the fluorine content in diets of children aged 1 - 4 years, living in 16 cities in different regions of Poland. Whole-day meals were collected for 10 subsequent days in spring and autumn seasons in orphanages. Fluorine contents was determined by potentiometric method. 457 whole day meals were tested. The fluorine contents in the daily diets ranged from 0.04 to 0.42 mg/kg, mean 0.15 +/- 0.07 mg kg, regardless of season collection. It was observed that diets with the highest level of fluorine include tea, fish, lettuce and cauliflower more than diets with the lowest levels of this element. There was a directly proportional dependence between fluoride in drinking water and children's meals, despite of the small difference between the maximum (0.32 mg/dm3) and minimum (0.09 mg/dm3) level of fluorine in water used for cooking in places covered by this survey. The average daily intake of fluorine was 0.28 mg (range 0.10-0.76 mg), median 0.25 mg, 90 percentile 0.47 mg. The average intake fluorine by children was 0.05 mg/kg b.w./day and not exceed the values specified in the standards of nutrition for the Polish population.
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