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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
07:03

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro

Published on: June 16, 2022

How are osteoclasts induced to resorb bone?

T J Chambers1, K Fuller

  • 1Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom. tchamber@sgul.ac.uk

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|December 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoclasts recognize bone for resorption not by a mineral receptor, but through vitronectin. Vitronectin coating on substrates, including bone mineral, activates osteoclast resorptive behavior.

More Related Videos

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
07:03

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro

Published on: June 16, 2022

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Osteoclast activation and bone resorption mechanisms remain incompletely understood.
  • The role of bone mineral in osteoclast recognition is critical but lacks a defined receptor.
  • Existing knowledge focuses on osteoclast formation rather than activation triggers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which osteoclasts recognize bone as a substrate for resorption.
  • To identify potential receptors or molecules involved in osteoclast-bone interaction.
  • To elucidate the role of bone mineral and associated proteins in osteoclast activation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized tissue culture substrates coated with vitronectin and fibronectin to assess osteoclast behavior.
  • Observed formation of ruffled borders, actin rings, and podosome belts in osteoclasts.
  • Measured secretion of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and formation of resorption trails.
  • Examined osteoclast response to bone mineral coated with vitronectin.

Main Results:

  • Vitronectin-coated substrates induced resorptive behavior in osteoclasts, including ruffled border and actin ring formation.
  • Osteoclasts on vitronectin-coated surfaces secreted tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and formed podosome belts.
  • Resorption trails were observed on vitronectin-coated substrates, indicating active bone resorption.
  • Bone mineral induced resorptive behavior only when coated with vitronectin, suggesting vitronectin's crucial role.
  • Fibronectin coating induced adhesion and spreading but not resorptive behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoclasts recognize bone for resorption primarily through vitronectin, not a direct mineral receptor.
  • Vitronectin acts as a key signaling molecule, activating osteoclast resorptive functions on bone mineral.
  • The findings suggest that vitronectin-receptor ligands binding to bone mineral mediate osteoclast recognition and activation.