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The Apoplast and Symplast01:46

The Apoplast and Symplast

Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary tissues to facilitate the entry of water and solutes. The plant tissues involved in the transport of water and minerals have two major compartments - the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells and consists of cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The...
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A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response
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Published on: April 17, 2016

Callose biosynthesis regulates symplastic trafficking during root development.

Anne Vatén1, Jan Dettmer, Shuang Wu

  • 1Institute of Biotechnology/Department of Bio and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland.

Developmental Cell
|December 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant cells communicate via plasmodesmata (PD). A new gene, CALS3, regulates PD size by controlling callose. This finding is crucial for understanding plant development and cell signaling.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Plasmodesmata (PD) are channels connecting plant cells, facilitating intercellular molecular transport.
  • The role of PD-mediated signaling in plant morphogenesis remains largely unexplored.
  • Callose, a β-1,3-glucan, is known to regulate PD aperture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the Arabidopsis gene CALS3/GSL12 in regulating plasmodesmata.
  • To determine the role of CALS3 in callose biosynthesis and its impact on PD aperture and intercellular trafficking.
  • To elucidate the involvement of PD-mediated signaling in plant development using CALS3 as a tool.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of gain-of-function mutations in CALS3 and their effects on PD.
  • Analysis of CALS3 expression in phloem development and its interaction with CALS7.
  • Utilizing CALS3 alleles to control PD aperture and track molecular movement (SHORT-ROOT, microRNA165).

Main Results:

  • Gain-of-function mutations in CALS3 lead to increased callose accumulation, reduced PD aperture, impaired root development, and decreased intercellular trafficking.
  • CALS3 functions as a callose synthase, regulating PD aperture.
  • PD-dependent movement of SHORT-ROOT and microRNA165 between the stele and endodermis was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Regulated callose biosynthesis at plasmodesmata by CALS3 is essential for intercellular signaling.
  • CALS3 provides a tool to manipulate PD aperture for studying cell-to-cell communication.
  • Understanding CALS3 function is key to deciphering PD-mediated signaling in plant morphogenesis.