Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 26, 2026

Expression of Fluorescent Proteins in Branchiostoma lanceolatum by mRNA Injection into Unfertilized Oocytes
Published on: January 12, 2015
Characterization of the immune defense related tissues, cells, and genes in amphioxus
YuShuang Lin1, DongYan Chen, Wei Zhang
1Life Science College, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education of China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Jinan 250100, China.
Abstract:
Amphioxus is an important animal model for phylogenetic analysis, including comparative immunology. Exploring the immune system in amphioxus contributes to our understanding of the origin and evolution of the vertebrate immune system. We investigated the amphioxus immune system using ultrastructural examination and in situ hybridization. The expression patterns of TLR1 (toll-like receptor 1), C1Q (complement component 1, q subcomponent), ECSIT (evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways), SoxC, DDAHa (Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase a), and NOS (nitric oxide synthase) show that these genes play key roles in amphioxus immunity. Our results suggest that the epidermis and alimentary canal epithelium may play important roles in immune defense, while macrophages located in the coelom and so-called lymph spaces may also be crucial immune cells.
Related Concept Videos
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
Introduction to Lymphatic and Immune System
The immune responses can be categorized into two types: innate and adaptive. Innate immunity comprises nonspecific defenses we are born...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Lampbrush Chromosomes
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...

