Pathogenesis of preeclampsia: the genetic component

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Genetics
• Perinatology

Background:

• Preeclampsia (PE) is a major global cause of maternal and fetal mortality.
• It leads to approximately 40% of premature births before 35 weeks gestation.
• PE pathogenesis involves early placental dysfunction, oxidative stress, and later endothelial dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and discuss candidate genes and polymorphisms associated with preeclampsia.
• To explore the genetic basis and multifactorial inheritance of PE.
• To group genetic factors by pathogenic mechanisms involved in PE.

Main Methods:

• Review of epidemiological studies on PE predisposition.
• Analysis of research on genetic associations and polygenic inheritance in PE.
• Examination of biological candidate genes and polymorphisms linked to PE.

Main Results:

• PE exhibits a strong familial predisposition with geographical, socioeconomic, and racial variations.
• Significant genetic associations and multifactorial polygenic inheritance are implicated in PE development.
• Numerous candidate genes and polymorphisms have been identified in relation to PE.

Conclusions:

• Genetic factors play a crucial role in the multifactorial etiology of preeclampsia.
• Understanding these genetic associations can aid in developing predictive models for PE.
• Further research into specific genes and pathogenic pathways is warranted for PE prevention and management.