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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions01:27

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers prevent the membrane depolarization of muscle cells and inhibit muscle contraction. These are usually administered with anesthetics to achieve complete muscle relaxation. Upon administration, these drugs first block the small, rapidly contracting muscles of the face and hands, followed by the larger muscles of the trunk and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the last muscle to be affected.
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...

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Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
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[Risk management in brachial plexus block].

Akihide Kurita1, Ken Yamamoto

  • 1Intensive Care Unit, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa 920-8641.

Masui. the Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology
|December 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral nerve blocks offer benefits like pain relief and faster recovery. However, serious complications can occur, necessitating informed consent and careful technique, especially for brachial plexus blocks.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Surgical Procedures
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve blocks are widely used for surgical anesthesia and pain management.
  • These blocks provide advantages such as improved postoperative analgesia and faster patient rehabilitation.
  • Despite their benefits, peripheral nerve blocks carry risks of serious adverse complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential complications associated with peripheral nerve blocks.
  • To highlight the importance of informed consent and meticulous technique in performing these procedures.
  • To specifically focus on the complications of brachial plexus block, a common regional anesthesia technique.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of complications related to peripheral nerve blocks.
  • Focus on studies and case reports concerning brachial plexus block adverse events.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to complications and their management.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral nerve blocks, while beneficial, are associated with significant risks.
  • Complications can range from minor nerve irritation to severe systemic events.
  • Brachial plexus block, due to its popularity, presents a notable profile of potential adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthetists must be vigilant regarding potential complications of peripheral nerve blocks.
  • Thorough informed consent is crucial, detailing all possible risks to patients.
  • Careful procedural execution is paramount to minimize adverse events during brachial plexus blocks.