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Microlymphatics and lymph flow.

G W Schmid-Schönbein1

  • 1Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.

Physiological Reviews
|October 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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The initial lymphatic system absorbs interstitial fluid via nonmuscular vessels, driven by external tissue stresses. Contractile collecting lymphatics propel lymph, with valves preventing backflow, but precise pump mechanisms require further study.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Anatomy
  • Lymphatic System Research

Background:

  • The initial lymphatic vessels, responsible for absorbing interstitial fluid, are nonmuscular endothelial tubes.
  • Smooth muscle in collecting lymphatics appears downstream, contributing to lymph propulsion.
  • Understanding the mechanisms driving initial lymphatic expansion and compression is crucial for lymphatic function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the structure and function of the initial lymphatic system.
  • To explore proposed mechanisms responsible for the expansion and compression of initial lymphatics.
  • To highlight the need for further research into lymphatic pump mechanisms and their quantitative contribution to lymph flow.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and anatomical observations across various mammalian organs and humans.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of proposed extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing lymphatic fluid dynamics.
  • Identification of gaps in experimental evidence regarding lymphatic pump sufficiency.

    • Main Results:

    • Initial lymphatics are nonmuscular, relying on external tissue stresses (e.g., arterial pulsations, muscle contractions) for function.
    • Collecting lymphatics possess intrinsic smooth muscle for lymph propulsion, with a transition zone requiring further investigation.
    • Both macroscopic and microscopic valves are present, preventing retrograde flow and reflow during compression.

    Conclusions:

    • Periodic tissue stresses are essential for continuous lymphatic output from initial lymphatics.
    • The interplay between noncontractile initial lymphatics and contractile collecting lymphatics is complex and organ-specific.
    • Decisive experiments are needed to quantify the contribution of various pump mechanisms to overall lymph flow in vivo.