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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

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Preliminary web-based measures development for GHB: expectancies, functions, and withdrawal.

L A R Stein¹, Rebecca Lebeau, Mary Clair

¹Social Sciences Research Center, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, 02881, USA. larstein@uri.edu

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

|December 20, 2011

Summary

New scales were developed to assess gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) use, including expectancies, reasons, withdrawal, and knowledge. These measures show good psychometric properties for understanding GHB use and withdrawal.

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Area of Science:

Psychopharmacology
Substance Use Research
Psychometrics

Background:

Current understanding of gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) treatment relies on limited case studies.
No validated measures exist to assess GHB use expectancies, reasons for use, withdrawal, or knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and pilot new psychometric scales for assessing GHB use.
To evaluate experiences, functions of use, and opinions related to GHB and its analogs.

Main Methods:

A web-based survey was administered to 61 participants.
Minimum average partial correlation and parallel analysis were used for scale development.

Main Results:

Scales were successfully developed to assess expectancies, reasons for use, withdrawal, and knowledge/opinions.
The developed scales demonstrated good psychometric properties, with a median Cronbach's alpha of .79.
These scales explained 8.69-24.17% of the variance in GHB use experiences.

Conclusions:

The newly developed GHB-specific measures exhibit favorable psychometric properties.
Further replication studies are recommended to validate these scales.
These measures can significantly enhance understanding of risk and protective factors in GHB use and withdrawal.