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Updated: May 26, 2026
Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
Published on: November 20, 2015
Intrapulmonary lipopolysaccharide exposure upregulates cytokine expression in the neonatal brainstem
Kannan V Balan1, Prabha Kc, Catherine A Mayer
1Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6010, USA.
Unlabelled:
Perinatal inflammation and neonatal sepsis trigger lung and brain injury. We hypothesized that endotoxin exposure in the immature lung upregulates proinflammatory cytokine expression in the brainstem and impairs respiratory control. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline was administered intratracheally to vagal intact or denervated rat pups. LPS increased brainstem IL-1β and vagotomy blunted this response. There was an attenuated ventilatory response to hypoxia and increased brainstem IL-1β expression after LPS.
Conclusion:
Intratracheal endotoxin exposure in rat pups is associated with upregulation of IL-1β in the brainstem that is vagally mediated and associated with an impaired hypoxic ventilatory response.
