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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

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Published on: November 20, 2015

The preterm birth syndrome: issues to consider in creating a classification system.

Robert L Goldenberg1, Michael G Gravett, Jay Iams

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|December 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A new preterm birth classification system needs broader gestational limits, focusing on fetal maturity. Comprehensive analysis requires including all pregnancy outcomes and recording parturition steps and maternal/fetal conditions.

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Published on: August 25, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Science
  • Perinatology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Current preterm birth classifications lack comprehensive scope.
  • Existing systems do not fully address the early origins of preterm labor.
  • Exclusion of stillbirths, pregnancy terminations, and multifetal gestations limits understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a comprehensive classification system for preterm birth.
  • To emphasize fetal maturity over gestational age in classification.
  • To advocate for the inclusion of all pregnancy outcomes in preterm birth research.

Main Methods:

  • Expanding gestational boundaries for preterm birth classification.
  • Including stillbirths, pregnancy terminations, and multifetal gestations.
  • Recording all stages of parturition (cervical changes, membrane activation, contractions).
  • Documenting maternal, fetal, newborn, and placental conditions.
  • Assigning phenotypes based on comprehensive data.

Main Results:

  • A proposed classification system that recognizes early parturition origins.
  • Emphasis on fetal maturity as a key classification factor.
  • Inclusion of diverse pregnancy outcomes provides a fuller picture of preterm birth.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive preterm birth classification requires expanded gestational boundaries.
  • Fetal maturity should be prioritized over fetal age.
  • Recording all parturition steps and maternal/fetal conditions is crucial for accurate phenotyping.