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Related Concept Videos

Perception01:28

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
Extrasensory Perception01:23

Extrasensory Perception

Extrasensory perception, or ESP, suggests the ability to perceive events beyond the conventional senses of sight, hearing, and touch. Parapsychologists, who research ESP and related psychic phenomena, categorize ESP into three main types: precognition, telepathy, and clairvoyance.
Precognition involves foreseeing future events, such as predicting an accident before it happens. An example of precognition could be someone dreaming about a specific event, like a car crash, which then occurs...
Introducing Social Perception01:29

Introducing Social Perception

Perceiving others accurately is fundamental to effective communication and relationship-building. Social perception, a key concept in social psychology, refers to the cognitive processes through which individuals gather and interpret information about others to understand their actions, intentions, and motivations. This process extends beyond spoken words and overt behaviors, incorporating subtle nonverbal cues and contextual factors.Nonverbal Cues and Their SignificanceNonverbal cues play a...
Dark Triad and Person Perception01:29

Dark Triad and Person Perception

Person perception is influenced by both external behaviors and the observer’s internal characteristics, including personality traits. Individuals with dark personality traits, comprising psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism — collectively known as the dark triad – exhibit manipulative and exploitative tendencies in social contexts. These traits affect how they perceive others and how they are perceived.The Role of Dark Personality Traits in Person PerceptionBlack et al. (2014) explored...
Actor-Observer Effect01:23

Actor-Observer Effect

The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in visual...

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Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses
05:21

Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses

Published on: January 7, 2019

Prediction, perception and agency.

Karl Friston1

  • 1The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, UK. k.friston@ucl.ac.uk

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|December 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain functions as an inference machine, utilizing internal generative models for perception. This review explores predictive coding

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Psychiatry

Background:

  • The brain's perceptual processes are increasingly viewed through the lens of inference.
  • Internal or generative models are hypothesized to play a crucial role in how the brain interprets sensory information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize key themes from a special issue on the brain as an inference machine.
  • To explore the utility of predictive coding frameworks in understanding behavior and agency.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of articles within a special issue.
  • Conceptual exploration of predictive coding principles.

Main Results:

  • The brain employs internal generative models for perception, functioning as an inference machine.
  • Predictive coding offers a valuable framework for understanding complex behaviors and the sense of agency.

Conclusions:

  • The concept of the brain as an inference machine, particularly through predictive coding, provides significant insights into perception, behavior, and agency.
  • Further exploration of predictive coding is warranted to understand its full implications in neuropsychiatric contexts.