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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Measuring Psoriasis Severity at Home
02:28

Measuring Psoriasis Severity at Home

Published on: March 1, 2024

Lupus arthritis--do we have a clinically useful classification?

Elisabeth M A Ball1, Aubrey L Bell

  • 1Rheumatology Department, Musgrave Park Hospital, Stockman's Lane, Belfast BT9 7JB, Northern Ireland. elisabethball21@gmail.com

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
|December 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Joint disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) significantly impacts patients but remains understudied. Advanced imaging challenges traditional views, highlighting the need for more research into lupus arthritis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Measuring Psoriasis Severity at Home
02:28

Measuring Psoriasis Severity at Home

Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Joint disease is a common and debilitating manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
  • Compared to other inflammatory arthropathies, lupus arthritis is significantly understudied.
  • Current diagnostic criteria for SLE may not fully capture the spectrum of joint involvement due to evolving understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the understudied nature of joint disease in SLE.
  • To discuss the impact of newer imaging techniques on understanding lupus arthritis.
  • To emphasize the need for more research to develop a comprehensive classification system for lupus arthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on SLE joint disease.
  • Comparison of research methodologies used in SLE arthritis versus Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).
  • Discussion of the role of advanced imaging modalities like MRI and musculoskeletal ultrasound.

Main Results:

  • Newer imaging techniques challenge the traditional view of SLE arthritis as non-erosive.
  • Extensive research in RA using advanced imaging has informed treatment and prognosis.
  • A lack of similar comprehensive research in SLE arthritis hinders classification system development.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for increased research into the pathobiology and clinical manifestations of lupus arthritis.
  • Advanced imaging should be more extensively applied to lupus arthritis to better understand joint pathology.
  • Further research is essential for developing robust classification and treatment strategies for SLE-related joint disease.