Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 26, 2026

Transaxillary First Rib Resection for Treatment of the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Published on: September 13, 2020
[Thoracic outlet syndrome]
Raoudha Tekaya1, Olfa Neji, Madiha Mahfoudhi
1Hopital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie.
Background:
The thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is recognized as a cause of upper limb pain. It is often under-diagnosed and its frequency under-estimated by rheumatologists.
Aim:
To report the diagnostic problems related to TOC though a literature review.
Methods:
A narrative review of literature
Results:
The diagnosis of TOS is difficult because of intricacy of vascular and neurological symptoms. It requires provocative tests, electrophysiological investigations and Doppler ultrasonography. A good anatomical knowledge is mandatory in order to clarify the mechanisms and the location of the lesions which depend on sophisticated imaging exams. It is also recommended to exclude all other causes of upper limb pain, as well as peripheral nerve compression syndromes, which can coexist with TOS.
Conclusion:
Diagnosis and treatment of the TOS involves rheumatologists, neurologists, physiatrists, orthopedic surgeons,vascular surgeons, thoracic surgeons, neurosurgeons and sometimes psychiatrists who have to cooperate in order to prevent severe functional after-effects.
Related Concept Videos
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
The Thoracic Cage: Sternum
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.
Thoracic Aorta
Portal Hypertension
Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs during...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus II
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
