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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
Long-Term Memory01:18

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
System of Memory01:23

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

Working memory, long-term memory, and medial temporal lobe function.

Annette Jeneson1, Larry R Squire

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA.

Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)
|December 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is not always necessary for working memory. Performance on memory tasks depends on whether information exceeds working memory capacity, not just the retention interval.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuropsychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Early research suggested the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe (MTL) are solely for long-term memory formation.
  • Recent findings challenge this, indicating MTL involvement in working memory and perception, even with short delays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reappraise the role of the MTL in memory.
  • To propose that performance on short-delay tasks depends on long-term memory (supraspan) when immediate memory or working memory capacity is exceeded.

Main Methods:

  • Reappraisal of existing patient data and neuroimaging studies.
  • Introduction of subspan and supraspan memory concepts.
  • Proposal of methods to identify when short-delay tasks rely on long-term memory.

Main Results:

  • Medial temporal lobe (MTL) lesions impair performance only when immediate and working memory are insufficient.
  • MTL activity during encoding is influenced by memory load.
  • Higher memory load correlates with increased MTL activity and better long-term retention.

Conclusions:

  • Subspan memory relies on immediate and working memory, independent of the MTL.
  • Supraspan memory, even with short delays, requires the MTL when working memory capacity is exceeded.
  • A unified view explains MTL function across different memory loads and retention intervals.