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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleus01:32

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
The Nucleus01:25

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
The...
Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles, paraspeckles, etc. These nuclear...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

The Micronucleus Assay on Cryopreserved Whole Blood
06:14

The Micronucleus Assay on Cryopreserved Whole Blood

Published on: February 23, 2024

Micronucleus and its applications.

Swapan Samanta1, Pranab Dey

  • 1Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Diagnostic Cytopathology
|December 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Micronucleus (MN) scoring indicates genetic damage and can be used clinically. This review covers MN morphology, causes, measurement, and applications in disease monitoring and risk identification.

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An Automated Method to Perform The In Vitro Micronucleus Assay using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
12:56

An Automated Method to Perform The In Vitro Micronucleus Assay using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: May 13, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

The Micronucleus Assay on Cryopreserved Whole Blood
06:14

The Micronucleus Assay on Cryopreserved Whole Blood

Published on: February 23, 2024

An Automated Method to Perform The In Vitro Micronucleus Assay using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
12:56

An Automated Method to Perform The In Vitro Micronucleus Assay using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: May 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cytogenetics
  • Cell Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Micronuclei (MN) are small nuclei formed from chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes lagging during cell division.
  • Their presence signifies genetic damage within a cell.
  • MN are identifiable via light microscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the morphology, etiology, estimation, and clinical applications of micronuclei.
  • To highlight the utility of MN scoring as a biomarker for genetic damage.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on micronucleus formation and scoring.
  • Discussion of methodologies for MN estimation.
  • Synthesis of current applications in clinical settings.

Main Results:

  • Micronuclei formation is a direct consequence of genotoxic events.
  • MN scoring serves as a reliable indicator of cellular genetic damage.
  • Established methods exist for quantifying MN.

Conclusions:

  • Micronucleus scoring is a valuable tool in clinical settings.
  • Applications include genotoxicity supervision, disease biomonitoring, and patient risk stratification.
  • Understanding MN provides insights into cellular health and disease risk.