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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

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Lifespan changes in global and selective stopping and performance adjustments.

Maria C van de Laar¹, Wery P M van den Wildenberg, Geert J M van Boxtel

¹Amsterdam Center for the Study of Adaptive Control in Brain and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Psychology

|December 20, 2011

Summary

This study reveals that global stopping skills develop faster and decline less with age than selective stopping. Performance adjustments, like response slowing, differ across the lifespan, especially in older adults.

Keywords:

cognitive aging cognitive control development lifespan stop-signal paradigm

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Stopping is crucial for adaptive behavior.
Understanding age-related changes in stopping is essential for cognitive health.
The study investigates developmental trajectories of stopping and performance adjustments.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare global and selective stopping across four age groups.
To examine age-related differences in performance adjustments.
To explore the interplay between proactive and reactive control throughout the lifespan.

Main Methods:

Participants (ages 8, 12, 21, 76) completed a two-choice task with global and selective stop-signal tasks.
Response times and accuracy were measured.
Performance adjustments on stop-signal and subsequent trials were analyzed.

Main Results:

Global stopping was faster and matured more rapidly than selective stopping across all ages.
Older adults showed significant slowing after failed inhibits, unlike young adults.
Response slowing on non-stop trials was pronounced in the elderly.

Conclusions:

Stopping abilities show distinct developmental and aging patterns.
Age-related differences in stopping reflect shifts in proactive and reactive control.
Findings highlight the dynamic nature of inhibitory control across the lifespan.