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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
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Structural forces in liquid crystalline blue phases.

Jun-ichi Fukuda1, Slobodan Zumer

  • 1Nanosystem Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan. fukuda.jun-ichi@aist.go.jp

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|December 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid crystalline blue phases (BP) exhibit oscillatory forces between parallel plates due to structural deformation. This unique interaction, unlike cholesteric phases, clearly demonstrates blue phase ordering.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Liquid Crystal Science

Background:

  • Liquid crystalline blue phases (BP) are complex ordered states of chiral liquid crystals.
  • Understanding the behavior of BPs under confinement is crucial for their potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate the interaction forces between parallel plates imposing strong normal anchoring on a confined blue phase.
  • To characterize the nature and origin of the interaction potential mediated by the blue phase.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to model the interaction between two parallel plates.
  • The simulations focused on systems with strong normal anchoring conditions at the plate surfaces.

Main Results:

  • The interaction potential exhibited oscillatory behavior as the interplate distance varied.
  • The periodicity of these oscillations was found to be approximately half the unit-cell dimension of the bulk blue phase.
  • The oscillations arise from the deformation of the confined blue phase structure.

Conclusions:

  • The observed oscillatory interaction is a distinct characteristic and clear manifestation of blue phase ordering.
  • This oscillatory behavior differentiates blue phases from cholesteric liquid crystals, which do not produce such interactions.