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Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
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Modeling kinetics of diffusion-controlled surface wrinkles.

Yong Ni1, Linghui He, Qihan Liu

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China. yni@ustc.edu.cn

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|December 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates nonlinear wrinkling in films on soft substrates due to solvent diffusion. The research reveals that diffusion-induced strain leads to confined, size-dependent wrinkling patterns, mimicking experimental observations.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid Mechanics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Thin films on soft substrates are prone to wrinkling under compression.
  • Solvent diffusion can induce inhomogeneous swelling, acting as an actuation strain.
  • Understanding these phenomena is crucial for designing advanced materials and devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nonlinear wrinkling behavior of a compressed film on a soft substrate subjected to inhomogeneous swelling actuation strain from solvent diffusion.
  • To numerically recover and analyze the diverse wrinkling morphologies observed in experiments.
  • To explore the influence of diffusion-mediated strain distribution on pattern formation and the cascade feature of diffusion-coupled wrinkles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a continuum model that integrates phase field microelasticity.
  • Employing Föppl-von Kármán plate theory to describe the film's mechanical behavior.
  • Simulating the effects of solvent diffusion and resulting inhomogeneous swelling actuation strain.

Main Results:

  • Wrinkling morphologies are confined and become dependent on shape and size in the diffusive domain beyond critical compression.
  • A wide array of experimentally observed patterns, including hexagonal ordered, dimple, and peanut structures, are numerically reproduced.
  • The specific wrinkling patterns are shown to be contingent on the distribution of diffusion-mediated actuation strain.
  • A cascade feature is demonstrated, where distinct sequences of wrinkling patterns emerge within two specific ranges of solvent concentration.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between compression, soft substrates, and diffusion-induced swelling leads to complex nonlinear wrinkling phenomena.
  • The developed computational model accurately predicts diverse wrinkling patterns, offering insights into their formation mechanisms.
  • The findings highlight the critical role of strain distribution and solvent concentration in controlling wrinkling morphology and its evolution.