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Related Concept Videos

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution01:21

Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution

The work done to bring a charge through a distance r is given by the potential difference between the initial and the final position. To assemble a collection of point charges, the total work done can be expressed in terms of the product of each pair of charges divided by their separation distance, defined with respect to a suitable origin. Solving this expression gives the energy stored in a point charge distribution.
Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges01:30

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's permittivity.
Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation01:28

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation

The Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation is a cornerstone of physical chemistry, providing a method to determine the molar conductance (Λm) and molar conductance at infinite dilution (Λ°m) for uni-univalent electrolytes.Uni-univalent electrolytes are electrolytes that dissociate in solution to produce one cation with a +1 charge and one anion with a –1 charge per formula unit.This equation addresses two crucial phenomena: the asymmetry effect and the electrophoretic effect. According to this equation,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Correlated charged impurity scattering in graphene.

Jun Yan1, Michael S Fuhrer

  • 1Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|December 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Electron transport in graphene is influenced by charged impurities. Temperature affects impurity correlation length, impacting sample mobility and conductivity, as explained by recent theories.

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Graphene exhibits unique electron transport properties.
  • Charged impurities significantly affect carrier mobility in graphene.
  • The role of impurity correlations in graphene conductivity is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate electron transport in graphene with correlated charged impurities.
  • To understand the influence of temperature on impurity correlations and mobility.
  • To explain the sublinear carrier-density dependence of conductivity in graphene.

Main Methods:

  • Adsorption and thermal annealing of potassium atoms on graphene.
  • Experimental measurement of electron transport properties.
  • Comparison of experimental data with theoretical models.

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Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices
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Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

Graphene Enclosure of Chemically Fixed Mammalian Cells for Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy
10:12

Graphene Enclosure of Chemically Fixed Mammalian Cells for Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy

Published on: September 21, 2020

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices
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Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

Graphene Enclosure of Chemically Fixed Mammalian Cells for Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy
10:12

Graphene Enclosure of Chemically Fixed Mammalian Cells for Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy

Published on: September 21, 2020

Main Results:

  • Sample mobility is dependent on temperature, which dictates the correlation length of charged impurities.
  • A recent theory quantitatively explains the temperature dependence of the correlation length.
  • Impurity correlations provide a consistent explanation for the sublinear carrier-density dependence of conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature-dependent impurity correlations are crucial for understanding graphene's electron transport.
  • The findings offer a unified explanation for previously puzzling conductivity behaviors in graphene.
  • This study advances the theoretical understanding of scattering mechanisms in 2D materials.