Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

DCE-MRI biomarkers of tumour heterogeneity predict CRC liver metastasis shrinkage following bevacizumab and FOLFOX-6.

British journal of cancer·2011
Same author

Expression and functional analysis of Dkk1 during early gonadal development.

Sexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation·2011
Same author

Bacillus-calmette-guerin (bcg) organisms directly alter the growth of bladder-tumor cells.

International journal of oncology·2011
Same author

Bladder cancer cells do not express co-stimulatory molecules B7-1, B7-2 and B7-3.

International journal of oncology·2011
Same author

Production of IL-5, a classical T(H)2 cytokine, following bacillus Calmette guerin immunotherapy of bladder cancer.

International journal of oncology·2011
Same author

Purification and characterisation of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and its effect on cell-mediated cytolysis of tumour cells.

International journal of oncology·2011

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
09:41

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

Local weak ferromagnetism in single-crystalline ferroelectric BiFeO3.

M Ramazanoglu1, M Laver, W Ratcliff

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|December 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Polarized neutron scattering reveals weak ferromagnetism in multiferroic bismuth ferrite due to spin canting. This confirms theoretical predictions of mesoscopic magnetic regions in this promising material.

More Related Videos

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
08:00

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Published on: March 27, 2018

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
07:03

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
09:41

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
08:00

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Published on: March 27, 2018

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
07:03

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Multiferroic bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) exhibits complex magnetic ordering, including an antiferromagnetic cycloidal spin structure.
  • Theoretical models predict the existence of weak ferromagnetism arising from spin canting in BiFeO3.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the magnetic structure of single-crystalline BiFeO3 using polarized small-angle neutron scattering.
  • To confirm the presence and characteristics of predicted weak ferromagnetism and associated spin density waves.

Main Methods:

  • Polarized small-angle neutron scattering (PSANS) was employed to probe the magnetic structure.
  • Analysis focused on identifying spin density waves and characterizing mesoscopic magnetic regions.

Main Results:

  • A long-wavelength spin density wave was observed, attributed to approximately 1° spin canting out of the cycloidal plane.
  • Weak ferromagnetism was confirmed in mesoscopic regions, with dimensions ranging from 0.03 microns along [110] to several microns along [111].
  • The average local magnetization was determined to be 0.06 μ(B)/Fe.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental findings validate theoretical predictions regarding weak ferromagnetism in BiFeO3.
  • These results offer insights into the intrinsic macroscopic magnetization achievable in strained BiFeO3 thin films, particularly when the magnetic cycloid is suppressed.