Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Modulating receptor interactions in retargeted AAV vectors.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2026
Same author

Long-Lived Squeezed Ground States in a Quantum Spin Ensemble.

Physical review letters·2023
Same author

Adeno-associated virus receptor complexes and implications for adeno-associated virus immune neutralization.

Frontiers in microbiology·2023
Same author

Cross-Species Permissivity: Structure of a Goat Adeno-Associated Virus and Its Complex with the Human Receptor AAVR.

Journal of virology·2022
Same author

Adeno-Associated Virus Receptor-Binding: Flexible Domains and Alternative Conformations through Cryo-Electron Tomography of Adeno-Associated Virus 2 (AAV2) and AAV5 Complexes.

Journal of virology·2022
Same author

Cryo-electron Microscopy of Adeno-associated Virus.

Chemical reviews·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Strong quantum spin correlations observed in atomic spin mixing.

Eva M Bookjans1, Christopher D Hamley, Michael S Chapman

  • 1School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332-0430, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|December 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers observed sub-Poissonian spin correlations in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates using spin mixing. This quantum noise reduction surpasses the standard quantum limit, demonstrating enhanced spin squeezing for quantum technologies.

More Related Videos

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
08:55

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: October 9, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
08:55

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: October 9, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Atomic physics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are quantum states of matter with unique properties.
  • Spin squeezing is a quantum phenomenon that reduces spin measurement uncertainty.
  • Collisionally induced spin mixing is a mechanism affecting spin dynamics in atomic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sub-Poissonian spin correlations in spin-1 BECs.
  • To demonstrate quantum noise reduction below the standard quantum limit.
  • To explore the role of spin mixing in generating these correlations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate.
  • Induced spin mixing through atomic collisions.
  • Measured spin fluctuations via atom number differences in spin states.
  • Employed fluorescent imaging with a low detection noise floor.

Main Results:

  • Observed sub-Poissonian spin correlations.
  • Achieved a quantum noise reduction of -7 dB (-10 dB corrected).
  • Demonstrated noise levels below the standard quantum limit for coherent spin states.
  • Detection noise floor of 8 atoms per spin component.

Conclusions:

  • Collisionally induced spin mixing generates sub-Poissonian spin correlations.
  • The observed noise reduction signifies effective spin squeezing.
  • This technique offers potential for enhanced precision in quantum measurements.