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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

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Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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Observation of multiple scattering in (e, 2e) experiments on small argon clusters.

Thomas Pflüger1, Arne Senftleben, Xueguang Ren

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. thomas.pflueger@mpi-hd.mpg.de

Physical Review Letters
|December 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Electron impact ionization experiments on argon clusters reveal multiple scattering reactions. This study distinguishes between ionization and excitation within clusters, observing unique electron emission patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding electron-impact ionization of atomic clusters is crucial for plasma physics and materials science.
  • Previous studies often lacked the resolution to differentiate ionization events within clusters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a kinematically complete experiment on 100 eV electron-impact ionization of small argon clusters.
  • To discriminate between single ionization of atoms, dimers, and small clusters.
  • To investigate ionization versus excitation processes within the same cluster.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized triple coincidence detection of outgoing electrons and residual ions.
  • Performed kinematically complete measurements for 100 eV electron impact.
  • Analyzed fully and partly differential ionization cross sections.

Main Results:

  • Successfully discriminated between ionization of atoms, dimers, and small clusters.
  • Observed clear signatures of multiple-scattering reactions by comparing cluster and atomic cross sections.
  • Found an almost isotropic electron emission pattern for ionization with excitation.

Conclusions:

  • Electron-impact ionization of argon clusters exhibits complex dynamics, including multiple scattering.
  • The experimental method allows detailed investigation of ionization and excitation processes in clusters.
  • Results provide fundamental insights into the interaction of electrons with atomic aggregates.