Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 26, 2026
09:32
Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
Published on: June 15, 2017
NOX5: from basic biology to signaling and disease
Karen Bedard1, Vincent Jaquet, Karl-Heinz Krause
1Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|December 21, 2011
Summary
This review summarizes the NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) enzyme, detailing its structure, function, and role in health and disease. Recent advancements have significantly improved our understanding of this crucial enzyme.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Enzymology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- The NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzyme family generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) with vital physiological roles.
- NOX5 is a less-understood member due to its absence in common research models like mice and rats.
- ROS produced by NOX enzymes are implicated in various biological processes and diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of the NOX5 enzyme.
- To review historical discoveries and recent advancements in NOX5 research.
- To highlight the structural, biochemical, and functional aspects of NOX5.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of historical and recent studies on NOX5.
- Analysis of the NOX5 gene, protein structure, and biochemical properties.
- Examination of NOX5's involvement in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Main Results:
- NOX5, unlike other NOX enzymes, is not found in rodents, complicating its study.
- Significant progress has been made in understanding NOX5's structure and function.
- NOX5's role in various diseases and the development of specific inhibitors are increasingly recognized.
Conclusions:
- Despite past research challenges, current understanding of NOX5 has rapidly advanced.
- NOX5 plays critical roles in both health and disease.
- Further research into NOX5 is essential for developing targeted therapies.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Overview of Cell Signaling
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
01:23Overview of Cell Signaling
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
01:28Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
01:26Signal Transduction: Overview
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
02:26NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
01:08Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System
A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...