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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
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$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Biomolecular Imaging of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles using Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

Biomolecular Imaging of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles using Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

Published on: May 16, 2022

Biomedical applications of the ESRF synchrotron-based microspectroscopy platform.

S Bohic¹, M Cotte, M Salomé

¹Inserm U-836, Team 6, Rayonnement Synchrotron et Recherche Médicales, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble 38042, France. bohic@esrf.fr

Journal of Structural Biology

|December 21, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding metal ion distribution within cells is crucial for health and disease. Advanced synchrotron techniques offer unprecedented sub-cellular chemical imaging, revealing the role of metals in biology and nanomedicine.

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Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Biomolecular Imaging of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles using Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

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Multimodal Optical Imaging Platform for Studying Cellular Metabolism

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Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping

Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping

Published on: August 26, 2010

Area of Science:

Biomedical imaging
Cellular biology
Nanomedicine

Background:

Sub-cellular metal ion distribution is poorly understood.
Essential metals (zinc, copper, iron) are vital for cell metabolism; dysfunctions link to diseases.
Metals are used in diagnostics and drugs, raising concerns in nanomedicine due to nanoparticle effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the role of metal ions in biological systems.
To showcase advanced microspectroscopy techniques for sub-cellular chemical imaging.
To demonstrate applications in the biomedical field using synchrotron-based platforms.

Main Methods:

Utilizing synchrotron-based X-ray and Fourier-transformed infrared microspectroscopies.
Employing multi-keV microscopy for ultra-low detection limits and high penetration depth.
Achieving sub-100nm lateral resolutions for sub-cellular chemical imaging.

Main Results:

Demonstrated capabilities of synchrotron-based techniques for detailed chemical analysis.
Enabled visualization of metal ion distribution at the sub-cellular level.
Provided insights into the role of metals in biological processes and nanomedicine.

Conclusions:

Synchrotron-based microspectroscopies are powerful tools for studying metal ions in biology.
These techniques offer unique advantages over traditional microscopy for sub-cellular analysis.
Applications at ESRF highlight the potential for advancing biomedical research and nanomedicine.