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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
Protein Organization01:24

Protein Organization

Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.
Protein Organization01:24

Protein Organization

Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.
Protein Organization01:13

Protein Organization

Overview
Protein Organization01:13

Protein Organization

Overview
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...

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JUMPn: A Streamlined Application for Protein Co-Expression Clustering and Network Analysis in Proteomics
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The relationship between proteome size, structural disorder and organism complexity.

Eva Schad1, Peter Tompa, Hedi Hegyi

  • 1Institute of Enzymology, Research Center For Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Karolina út 29, Budapest, Hungary.

Genome Biology
|December 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Organism complexity correlates with proteome size, not just gene number. Increased protein disorder and alternative splicing also contribute to complexity, resolving the G-value paradox.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • The G-value paradox questions the correlation between gene number and organism complexity.
  • Previous explanations include protein multifunctionality, alternative splicing, microRNAs, and non-coding DNA.
  • Intrinsic protein disorder is linked to cellular communication and environmental responses, suggesting a role in species complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the G-value paradox using new proteomic data and organism complexity metrics.
  • To investigate the relationship between proteome size, protein structural disorder, and organismal complexity.
  • To identify key factors contributing to the evolution of complexity in eukaryotes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of newly available proteomes and their corresponding organism complexity (number of cell types).
  • Correlation analysis to determine relationships between proteome size (total amino acids) and complexity.
  • Systematic analysis of protein structural disorder, predicted binding sites, alternative splicing, and protein-protein interactions in relation to complexity.

Main Results:

  • A significant power-law correlation was found between organism complexity and proteome size.
  • Protein structural disorder increases significantly from prokaryotes to eukaryotes but plateaus thereafter.
  • The number of binding sites in disordered regions and alternative splicing capacity positively correlate with organismal complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Organism complexity is a multi-parametric trait influenced by proteome size, interaction potential, alternative splicing, and tissue-specific protein disorder.
  • The G-value paradox is resolved by considering these multiple parameters and recognizing distinct complexity-proteome size relationships between plants and metazoans.