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Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...

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Generation of Native Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Libraries for Nucleosome Density Analysis
10:05

Generation of Native Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Libraries for Nucleosome Density Analysis

Published on: December 12, 2017

Computational analysis of nucleosome positioning.

Itay Tirosh1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Itay.Tirosh@weizmann.ac.il

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|December 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter details computational methods for analyzing genome-wide nucleosome occupancy and positioning from sequencing data. It highlights essential analysis steps and quality control measures for accurate chromatin structure insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Genome-wide nucleosome occupancy and positioning are critical for understanding chromatin structure and gene regulation.
  • High-throughput sequencing generates vast amounts of data requiring sophisticated computational analysis.
  • Accurate interpretation of chromatin studies relies heavily on the quality of computational analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the computational workflow for estimating genome-wide nucleosome occupancy and positioning.
  • To guide researchers through the analysis of raw sequencing data from mononucleosome DNA fragments.
  • To identify potential challenges and quality control strategies in nucleosome positioning analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Processing of raw high-throughput sequencing reads.
  • Computational algorithms for determining nucleosome occupancy.
  • Methods for assessing nucleosome positioning and periodicity across the genome.

Main Results:

  • A standardized computational pipeline for nucleosome occupancy and positioning analysis.
  • Identification of key parameters influencing data quality.
  • Strategies for robust data interpretation in chromatin studies.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized computational analysis is essential for reliable genome-wide nucleosome studies.
  • Understanding computational pitfalls improves the accuracy of chromatin structure inference.
  • This chapter provides a foundational guide for researchers in the field of epigenomics.