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Updated: May 26, 2026

Cultivation of the Marine Pelagic Tunicate Dolioletta gegenbauri (Uljanin 1884) for Experimental Studies
Published on: August 9, 2019
Rubber tubes in the sea
F J M Farley1, R C T Rainey, J R Chaplin
1School of Civil Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK. f.farley@soton.ac.uk
Abstract:
A long tube with elastic walls containing water is immersed in the sea aligned in the direction of wave travel. The waves generate bulges that propagate at a speed determined by the distensibility of the tube. If the bulge speed is close to the phase velocity of the waves, there is a resonant transfer of energy from the sea wave to the bulge. At the end of the tube, useful energy can be extracted. This paper sets out the theory of bulge tubes in the sea, and describes some experiments on the model scale and practical problems. The potential of a full-scale device is assessed.
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