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Updated: Aug 7, 2026
11:51
Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models
Published on: August 16, 2010
New methods of drug delivery
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 28, 1990
Summary
Novel drug delivery systems, including chemical modification and entrapment in vesicles or pumps, offer improved health outcomes. Continued research promises to revolutionize drug administration methods.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics
- Biomedical Engineering
- Drug Delivery Technologies
Background:
- Conventional drug administration methods (pills, eye drops, ointments, intravenous solutions) have limitations.
- Recent advancements have introduced novel drug delivery approaches.
- These innovations aim to overcome existing challenges in drug administration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore emerging novel drug delivery strategies.
- To highlight the potential of these new methods in improving therapeutic outcomes.
- To underscore the transformative impact of advanced drug delivery systems.
Main Methods:
- Chemical modification of drugs for altered pharmacokinetic profiles.
- Encapsulation of drugs within nanovesicles for targeted bloodstream delivery.
- Development of implantable pumps and polymeric matrices for sustained local drug release.
Main Results:
- Emerging drug delivery systems demonstrate enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
- These novel approaches offer improved patient compliance and reduced side effects.
- Early results indicate significant potential for revolutionizing drug administration.
Conclusions:
- Novel drug delivery systems represent a significant advancement over conventional methods.
- Continued research and development in this field hold the key to future breakthroughs in medicine.
- These innovative techniques are poised to transform patient care and treatment paradigms.
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01:16Drug Delivery: Overview
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...
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01:18Drug Delivery: Enteral Route
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
Drugs in...
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01:22Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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01:27Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types
Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
01:24Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted
Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
01:23Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction
Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.