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Related Concept Videos

Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...

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Accelerator MS: its role as a frontline bioanalytical technique.

Mark A Seymour1

  • 1Xceleron, York Biocentre, Innovation Way, York, UK. mark.seymour@xceleron.com

Bioanalysis
|December 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) quantifies carbon-14 in biological samples, offering advantages over conventional methods. This ultrasensitive technique aids in early clinical trials for safety assessments and pharmacokinetic studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is an ultrasensitive method for quantifying carbon-14 ((14)C) in biological samples.
  • Conventional techniques like LC-MS/MS can be limited by compound structure and matrix effects.
  • AMS offers advantages due to its independence from compound structure and matrix effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the advantages of AMS for quantifying (14)C in biological samples.
  • To demonstrate AMS's utility in early clinical trials for safety and pharmacokinetic assessments.
  • To showcase AMS's capability in determining absolute bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Selective isolation of carbon from biological samples prior to analysis.
  • Utilizing (14)C as a tracer to quantify all compound-related material.
  • Administering an intravenous (14)C microtracer dose with an extravascular dose of non-radiolabeled compound.

Main Results:

  • AMS allows quantification of (14)C independent of compound structure and matrix effects.
  • Metabolism data can be obtained in early clinical trials to identify potentially unsafe human metabolites.
  • Absolute bioavailability and intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters can be determined without extensive formulation development or toxicology studies.

Conclusions:

  • AMS is a powerful, versatile tool for quantitative bioanalysis of (14)C-labeled compounds.
  • Its unique properties facilitate cost-effective clinical study designs and early safety evaluations.
  • AMS enables comprehensive pharmacokinetic profiling, including absolute bioavailability determination.