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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Acute isolated sphenoid sinusitis in children.

Davide Caimmi1, Silvia Caimmi, Elena Labò

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.

American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
|December 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Isolated pediatric sphenoidal sinusitis is an uncommon condition. Imaging like CT/MRI and nasal endoscopy are crucial for diagnosing this potentially devastating illness in children.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Isolated pediatric sphenoidal sinusitis is rare, often missed due to non-specific symptoms.
  • Early diagnosis is challenging, frequently delayed without advanced imaging.
  • Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are vital for confirming sphenoiditis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify clinical features of pediatric isolated sphenoidal sinusitis.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges associated with this condition.
  • To assess the utility of imaging and endoscopy in diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of pediatric cases diagnosed and treated over 16 years.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, and outcomes.
  • Inclusion of patients from a tertiary teaching hospital.

Main Results:

  • Two patient groups emerged: one with fever, headache, and neurological complications (possibly linked to water exposure), and another with headache only.
  • Swimming and/or diving were potential contributing factors in some cases.
  • CT and MRI proved essential in diagnosing the condition.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric isolated sphenoidal sinusitis may be underdiagnosed.
  • CT/MRI are key to establishing the diagnosis.
  • Nasal endoscopy is a valuable, well-tolerated diagnostic tool for children and adolescents.