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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

qKAT: Quantitative Semi-automated Typing of Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genes
07:58

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Published on: March 6, 2019

Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor locus polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis.

Ilijas Jelcić1, Katharine C Hsu, Kristina Kakalacheva

  • 1Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|December 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The absence of the inhibitory KIR2DL3 gene is linked to developing multiple sclerosis (MS). This suggests killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) may play a role in MS pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Neuroimmunology

Background:

  • Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules are crucial in immune regulation.
  • Genetic variations in KIR and HLA genes are implicated in various autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between KIR and HLA class I alleles and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To determine if specific KIR-HLA interactions influence MS disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based case-control study involving 321 patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or clinically definite MS (CDMS) and 156 healthy donors (HD).
  • Genotyping of inhibitory and activating KIRs and HLA class I alleles using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence-specific primers.
  • Correlation analysis of allelic frequencies with MS prevalence, age of onset, disability, and disease duration.

Main Results:

  • A significant reduction in the frequency of the inhibitory KIR2DL3 gene was observed in CIS/CDMS patients (p = 3.1 × 10(-5)).
  • This KIR2DL3-associated risk reduction persisted even after excluding patients with known MS-associated HLA alleles.
  • Individuals with KIR2DL2/KIR2DS2 but lacking KIR2DL3 were overrepresented in the CIS/CDMS cohort, though these genes did not impact risk in the presence of KIR2DL3.

Conclusions:

  • The absence of the inhibitory KIR2DL3 gene is associated with an increased risk of developing CIS/CDMS.
  • These findings highlight the potential role of KIR-mediated recognition of HLA class I in MS pathogenesis.
  • Further investigation in larger cohorts is warranted to confirm these associations and explore therapeutic implications.