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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
08:09

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 7, 2014

Increased brain temperature in Parkinson's disease.

Mario Rango1, Andrea Arighi, Cristiana Bonifati

  • 1Department of Neurological Sciences, Parkinson's Disease Center, IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Foundation, University of Milan, Via F. Sforza 35, Milan, Italy. mariocristia@yahoo.it

Neuroreport
|December 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Parkinson's disease patients exhibit elevated brain temperatures, particularly in the visual cortex. This increase is linked to mitochondrial energy loss within the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
08:09

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 7, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Stable brain temperature is crucial for optimal brain function.
  • Brain temperature is closely related to mitochondrial energy production.
  • Parkinson's disease is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, but brain temperature data are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain temperature differences in Parkinson's disease patients compared to controls.
  • To explore the relationship between brain temperature and mitochondrial energetics in Parkinson's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure brain temperature.
  • Temperature was assessed at rest in the visual cortex and centrum semiovale.
  • Patients with Parkinson's disease were compared with age- and sex-matched controls.

Main Results:

  • Patients with Parkinson's disease showed increased temperature in the visual cortex.
  • A less pronounced temperature increase was observed in the centrum semiovale of Parkinson's disease patients.
  • The findings suggest impaired energy metabolism in the brain.

Conclusions:

  • Brain temperature is elevated in Parkinson's disease, particularly in the visual cortex.
  • Increased brain temperature is likely due to energy dissipation from the oxidative phosphorylation/respiratory chain.
  • This highlights a potential link between mitochondrial dysfunction and thermal dysregulation in Parkinson's disease.